Impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on the treatment of psoriasis with systemic therapies in France: results from the PSOBIOTEQ cohort

Background The nature of the COVID-19 pandemic led to concerns among patients and physicians about the potential impact of immunosuppressive treatments for chronic diseases such as psoriasis on the risk of severe COVID-19. Objectives To describe treatment modifications and determine the incidence of COVID-19 infection among psoriasis patients during the first wave of the pandemic, and identify the factors associated with these events. Methods Data from PSOBIOTEQ cohort relating to the first COVID-19 wave in France (March to June, 2020), as well as a patient-centred COVID-19 questionnaire, were used to evaluate the impact of lockdown on changes (discontinuations, delays or reductions) in systemic therapies, and to determine the incidence of COVID-19 cases among these patients. Logistic regression models were used to assess associated factors. Results Among the 1751 respondents (89.3%), 282 patients (16.9%) changed their systemic treatment for psoriasis, with 46.0% of these changes being initiated by the patients themselves. Patients were more likely to experience psoriasis flare-ups during the first wave if they changed their treatment during this period (58.7% vs 14.4%;P<0.0001). Changes to systemic therapies were less frequent among patients with cardiovascular diseases (P<0.001), and those aged ≥65 years (P=0.02). Overall, 45 patients (2.9%) reported having COVID-19, and eight (17.8%) required hospitalization. Risk factors for COVID-19 infection were close contact with a positive case (P<0.001) and living in a region with a high incidence of COVID-19 (P<0.001). Factors associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 were avoiding seeing a physician (P=0.002), systematically wearing a mask during outings (P=0.011) and being a current smoker (P=0.046). Conclusions Discontinuation of systemic psoriasis treatments during the first COVID-19 wave (16.9%) – mainly decided by patients themselves (46.0%) – was associated with a higher incidence of disease flares (58.7% vs 14.4%). This observation and factors associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 highlight the need to maintain and adapt patient–physician communication during health crises according to patient profiles, with the aim of avoiding unnecessary treatment discontinuations and ensuring that patients are informed about the risk of infection and the importance of complying with hygiene rules.

Impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on the treatment of psoriasis with systemic therapies in France: Results from the PSOBIOTEQ cohort.

BACKGROUND: The nature of the COVID-19 pandemic led to concerns among patients and physicians about the potential impact of immunosuppressive treatments for chronic diseases such as psoriasis on the risk of severe COVID-19. OBJECTIVES: To describe treatment modifications and determine the incidence of COVID-19 infection among psoriasis patients during the first wave of the pandemic, and identify the factors associated with these events. METHODS: Data from PSOBIOTEQ cohort relating to the first COVID-19 wave in France (March to June, 2020), as well as a patient-centred COVID-19 questionnaire, were used to evaluate the impact of lockdown on changes (discontinuations, delays or reductions) in systemic therapies, and to determine the incidence of COVID-19 cases among these patients. Logistic regression models were used to assess associated factors. RESULTS: Among the 1751 respondents (89.3%), 282 patients (16.9%) changed their systemic treatment for psoriasis, with 46.0% of these changes being initiated by the patients themselves. Patients were more likely to experience psoriasis flare-ups during the first wave if they changed their treatment during this period (58.7% vs 14.4%; P < 0.0001). Changes to systemic therapies were less frequent among patients with cardiovascular diseases (P < 0.001), and those aged ≥ 65 years (P = 0.02). Overall, 45 patients (2.9%) reported having COVID-19, and eight (17.8%) required hospitalization. Risk factors for COVID-19 infection were close contact with a positive case (P < 0.001) and living in a region with a high incidence of COVID-19 (P < 0.001). Factors associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 were avoiding seeing a physician (P = 0.002), systematically wearing a mask during outings (P = 0.011) and being a current smoker (P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: Discontinuation of systemic psoriasis treatments during the first COVID-19 wave (16.9%) - mainly decided by patients themselves (46.0%) - was associated with a higher incidence of disease flares (58.7% vs 14.4%). This observation and factors associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 highlight the need to maintain and adapt patient-physician communication during health crises according to patient profiles, with the aim of avoiding unnecessary treatment discontinuations and ensuring that patients are informed about the risk of infection and the importance of complying with hygiene rules.

Incidence et pronostic de la COVID-19 chez les malades atteints de maladie bulleuse auto-immune

Introduction Les patients ayant une maladie bulleuse auto-immune (MBAI) étant à risque d’infection (âge, traitement corticoïde et/ou immunosuppresseur), nous avons évalué le risque de la COVID-19 et de ses formes sévères chez les patients ayant une MBAI. Matériel et méthodes Cette étude rétrospective multicentrique (49 services de dermatologie) a inclus tous les cas connus de COVID survenus entre janvier et juin 2020 en France métropolitaine. Les cas ont été classés en certains (PCR+), probables (PCR− ou non faite, TDM pulmonaire évocateur) ou possibles (PCR et TDM négatifs ou non faits mais signes cliniques et/ou cas contacts). L’incidence cumulée des cas de COVID a été calculée à partir des cas certains et hospitalisés de patients MBAI suivis dans chaque service, puis comparée à celle dans la population générale sur la même période (données Santé Publique France) après standardisation indirecte sur l’âge et la région. L’incidence et le pronostic ont été analysés pour l’ensemble des MBAI et pour le sous-groupe ayant reçu du rituximab (RTX) dans les 9 derniers mois. Résultats Incidence : 59 cas de COVID-19 ont été recensés (âge : 73,1±16,2 ans) parmi 5180 patients suivis pour une MBAI : 29 (49 %) correspondaient à des cas certains, 8 (14 %) probables et 22 (37 %) possibles. Les MBAI étaient une PB (n=21, 36 %), une P muqueuse (PM) (PC/EBA, n=19, 32 %), un pemphigus (n=18, 31 %) et 1 P gestationnelle (n=1, 2 %). Le ratio d’incidence standardisé (RIS) était de 0,42 [IC95 % : 0,20–0,80] p=0,005 pour les PB, 1,02 [0,37–2,26], p=0,91 pour les pemphigus et de 1,18 [0,55–2,23], p=0,62 pour les PM. Parmi les 516 patients ayant reçu du RTX, on comptait 22 cas possibles probables ou certains d’infection COVID correspondant à un RI=5,37 [3,15–8,96], parmi lesquels 13 cas probables ou certains (RI=4,90 [2,43–9,40]) par rapport aux patients n’ayant pas reçu de RTX, et un RI de formes certaines et hospitalisées de 3,62 [1,29–8,85]. Pronostic 30 cas (51 %) ont été hospitalisés pour COVID et 15 (25 %) sont décédés (RR=1,63 [0,83–2,55] p=0,13 par rapport à la population générale ajustée à l’âge et à la région. Un patient MBAI avait 3,4 [2,2–5,1] fois plus de risque de décéder sur la période épidémique s’il contractait la COVID que s’il ne la contractait pas. L’âge moyen des patients ayant une forme sévère (hospitalisation ou décès) de COVID était plus élevé que celui de ceux ayant une forme non sévère (77,9±11,2 vs 65,0±19,3, p=0,006). Les RR de forme sévère des PM/pemphigus avec COVID probable ou certaine traités par RTX (âge moyen 68,8±14,9) étaient respectivement de 0,77 [0,45–1,33] p=0,33 et de 0,51 [0,08–2,56] p=0,40 par rapport aux PM/pemphigus avec COVID non traités par RTX (âge moyen 76,7±9,1). Discussion La COVID entraîne une forte surmortalité chez les patients MBAI. L’incidence semble particulièrement élevée parmi les patients ayant reçu du RTX, sans que l’on puisse conclure à une plus grande sévérité de la COVID-19 chez ces patients.